The Ultimate Checklist for a Complete Home Inspection

1. Roof and Attic

The roof is your home’s first line of defense against the elements. A thorough inspection of the roof ensures it’s in good condition and free from leaks or damage.

• Shingles and Roofing Material: Check for missing, cracked, or curling shingles. Ensure the roofing material is in good condition and not showing signs of excessive wear.
• Flashing and Seals: Inspect the flashing around chimneys, vents, and skylights to ensure they’re properly sealed and free of cracks.
• Gutters and Downspouts: Ensure gutters and downspouts are securely attached and free of debris. Water should be directed away from the home’s foundation.
• Attic Ventilation and Insulation: Make sure the attic is properly ventilated to prevent moisture buildup. Check the insulation to ensure it’s adequate for energy efficiency.
• Signs of Water Damage: Look for water stains, mold, or any signs of moisture in the attic, which could indicate roof leaks.

2. Foundation and Structural Components

The foundation and structure of the home are critical for its long-term stability. Any issues in these areas can lead to major repairs down the line.

• Foundation: Look for cracks in the foundation, especially horizontal ones, which could indicate shifting or settling. Also check for signs of water pooling near the foundation.
• Walls and Ceilings: Inspect walls and ceilings for cracks, bulging, or uneven surfaces, which could signal structural issues or foundation problems.
• Floors: Walk through the home and note any uneven or sloping floors. Pay attention to floors that feel soft or bouncy, as this could indicate structural damage.
• Doors and Windows: Check that all doors and windows open and close smoothly. Sticking doors or misaligned windows can be a sign of foundation movement.

3. Exterior and Grounds

The exterior of the home and its surrounding grounds play an important role in protecting the property from environmental damage.

• Siding and Paint: Check for cracks, peeling paint, or damaged siding that may allow moisture to penetrate the home.
• Driveways and Walkways: Inspect the condition of driveways, walkways, and other paved areas for cracks or signs of settling.
• Landscaping and Grading: Ensure that the grading around the home slopes away from the foundation to prevent water from pooling near the house. Overgrown trees or shrubs should not be too close to the structure.
• Decks and Patios: Inspect decks, patios, and porches for signs of rot, loose boards, or rusted nails. Check that railings are secure.

4. Electrical System

A properly functioning electrical system is crucial for the safety of your home. Electrical problems can pose fire hazards if not addressed.

• Electrical Panel: Check that the panel is labeled clearly and that circuits are properly grounded. Look for any signs of corrosion or improper wiring.
• Outlets and Switches: Test all outlets and switches to ensure they are functioning properly. Look for signs of outdated or improperly installed wiring.
• GFCI Outlets: Ensure that GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets are installed in areas where water is present, such as kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor spaces.
• Lighting Fixtures: Inspect light fixtures for any flickering or sparking, which could indicate faulty wiring.

5. Plumbing System

The plumbing system should be inspected to ensure that all fixtures and pipes are in good working condition and free of leaks.

• Water Supply: Check the water pressure throughout the home by running faucets and flushing toilets. Low water pressure could indicate plumbing issues.
• Pipes: Inspect exposed pipes for signs of corrosion, leaks, or improper installation. Pay special attention to areas under sinks and in basements or crawl spaces.
• Water Heater: Check the age and condition of the water heater. Look for signs of rust, leaks, or insufficient heating.
• Sewer and Drainage: Ensure that drains in sinks, showers, and tubs empty quickly. Slow drains may indicate clogs or problems with the home’s sewage system.

6. HVAC System (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)

The HVAC system is essential for maintaining a comfortable living environment. It should be functioning efficiently to keep energy costs down and ensure air quality.

• Furnace and Air Conditioning: Test the furnace and air conditioner to ensure they are operating correctly. Look for signs of wear, rust, or improper installation.
• Thermostat: Ensure the thermostat is functioning properly and can accurately control the home’s temperature.
• Ductwork: Inspect ductwork for signs of leaks, blockages, or insufficient insulation. Dirty ducts may indicate poor air quality.
• Filters: Check that filters are clean and have been replaced regularly.

7. Interior Rooms and Features

The interior rooms of the home should be inspected for overall condition, including floors, walls, ceilings, and built-in features.

• Walls and Ceilings: Look for any visible cracks, water stains, or signs of damage.
• Floors: Check for uneven flooring, loose tiles, or damaged floorboards. Ensure that carpets are free of stains and wear.
• Doors and Windows: Inspect doors and windows for proper function. They should open and close easily and provide a tight seal to prevent drafts.
• Kitchen and Bathrooms: Check countertops, cabinets, and fixtures for damage. Ensure sinks, toilets, and bathtubs are functioning without leaks.

8. Appliances

If appliances are included in the sale, they should be in good working condition. Check the following:

• Stove/Oven: Ensure burners and the oven heat properly.
• Refrigerator: Check the temperature settings and make sure the refrigerator is cooling effectively.
• Dishwasher: Run a cycle to ensure the dishwasher functions without leaks.
• Washer/Dryer: If a washer and dryer are included, ensure they are connected properly and functioning.

9. Basement, Crawl Space, and Garage

These areas are often overlooked but should be carefully inspected for moisture, foundation problems, and structural integrity.

• Basement and Crawl Space: Check for signs of water damage, dampness, or mold. Inspect the foundation walls for cracks or leaks.
• Garage: Inspect the garage for proper ventilation and ensure the door opens and closes smoothly. Check for any cracks in the floor or walls.

10. Pest Infestations

Pests like termites, carpenter ants, and rodents can cause significant damage to a home. It’s important to check for signs of infestations, such as:

• Termite Tunnels: Look for mud tubes along the foundation or wooden beams.
• Droppings or Nests: Rodent droppings or nests in the attic, basement, or crawl spaces can indicate an infestation.

Wood Damage: Hollow or damaged wood can be a sign of termite or carpenter ant activity.

Michael encourages buyers to be present, particularly at the end of the inspection. There are several key reasons for this:

• Pre-Inspection Overview: If the buyer is present for the entire inspection, Michael can start with a pre-meeting to go over the inspection process and set expectations. This ensures the buyer understands what will be covered during the inspection.
• Inspection Focus: During the actual inspection, Michael prefers to work without interruptions to maintain focus and thoroughly inspect the home. He avoids engaging in detailed discussions while inspecting to ensure he’s not distracted by questions.
• Post-Inspection Review: Once the inspection is complete, Michael goes over the full report with the buyer. This is the most valuable part of the process, as it allows the buyer to ask questions and get specific explanations about any findings. Michael can also take the buyer to different areas of the home to show them issues firsthand, providing greater clarity on potential concerns or repairs.

The main benefit of the buyer being present at the end of the inspection is that it allows for a comprehensive review, ensuring the buyer fully understands the inspection report and any issues that need attention. This approach balances the need for a focused inspection with the opportunity for the buyer to receive clear, in-person explanations of the findings.